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Wednesday, October 6, 2010
Other Problems
Deforestation
25.4% —or about 3,636,000 hectares—of Nepal is forested. Of this, 9.6% —or roughly 349,000 hectares—is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse form of forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2000, Nepal lost an average of 91,700 hectares of forest per year. The amounts to an average annual deforestation rate of 1.90%. Between 2000 and 2005, the rate of forest change decreased by 28.9% to 1.35% per annum. In total, between 1990 and 2005, Nepal lost 24.5% of its forest cover, or around 1,181,000 hectares. Nepal lost -42,000 hectares—0—of its primary forest cover during that time. Deforestation rates of primary cover have decreased 10.7% since the close of the 1990s. Measuring the total rate of habitat conversion (defined as change in forest area plus change in woodland area minus net plantation expansion) for the 1990-2005 interval, Nepal lost 7.9% of its forest and woodland habitat.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Nepal has some 1240 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 2.9% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 5.6% are threatened. Nepal is home to at least 6973 species of vascular plants, of which 4.5% are endemic. 7.6% of Nepal is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
Famine
People in western Nepal are starving. Elected representatives, meanwhile, are trying to settle the political squabble in Kathmandu.There’s no government to make administrative decisions, and it’s already too late for people whose crops have died and who cannot afford the steep price of rice and other grains.
Health Problems
Health is a bugging problem for the government of Nepal. There are many issues related to health problems in this exotic country. The health and health care facilities of Nepal were poor and under-developed. The main reason responsible for the low standard of health in Nepal is poverty that leads to malnutrition.
There is no proper health and hygiene, sanitation and housing facility for most of the people in Nepal. Nepal health also suffers greatly for the absence of adequate healthcare facilities in the country. Though water is the most important thing that is required for sustenance, but most of the diseases in Nepal are water-borne. Clean and pure drinking water is not available to all the people, thus hampering the health conditions in Nepal.
The poor health conditions in Nepal are evident from the infant mortality rate and short life expectancy of the people. There are many communicable diseases that have made Nepal their permanent home. Various vaccinations are provided to the tourists to protect them from the diseases in Nepal. Healthcare facilities in the country are very poor and people mainly depend on quacks and untrained physicians. This gradually has led to the deterioration of the health in Nepal.
Most of the hospitals in Nepal are located in the urban areas. There are many health centers and health posts in the country, which cater to the rural people in Nepal.
Apart from these problems , the Nepalese people are living in hardship due to various other problems . The life standard of most of the nepalese people is miserable . Although the International society and the Goverment of Nepal are trying to do the people some good , the relif programme falls short of target . Many Nepalese people are craving for our help and let us reflect our humanity by doing what we can , Let Us HELP .
25.4% —or about 3,636,000 hectares—of Nepal is forested. Of this, 9.6% —or roughly 349,000 hectares—is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse form of forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2000, Nepal lost an average of 91,700 hectares of forest per year. The amounts to an average annual deforestation rate of 1.90%. Between 2000 and 2005, the rate of forest change decreased by 28.9% to 1.35% per annum. In total, between 1990 and 2005, Nepal lost 24.5% of its forest cover, or around 1,181,000 hectares. Nepal lost -42,000 hectares—0—of its primary forest cover during that time. Deforestation rates of primary cover have decreased 10.7% since the close of the 1990s. Measuring the total rate of habitat conversion (defined as change in forest area plus change in woodland area minus net plantation expansion) for the 1990-2005 interval, Nepal lost 7.9% of its forest and woodland habitat.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Nepal has some 1240 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 2.9% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 5.6% are threatened. Nepal is home to at least 6973 species of vascular plants, of which 4.5% are endemic. 7.6% of Nepal is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
Famine
People in western Nepal are starving. Elected representatives, meanwhile, are trying to settle the political squabble in Kathmandu.There’s no government to make administrative decisions, and it’s already too late for people whose crops have died and who cannot afford the steep price of rice and other grains.
Health Problems
Health is a bugging problem for the government of Nepal. There are many issues related to health problems in this exotic country. The health and health care facilities of Nepal were poor and under-developed. The main reason responsible for the low standard of health in Nepal is poverty that leads to malnutrition.
There is no proper health and hygiene, sanitation and housing facility for most of the people in Nepal. Nepal health also suffers greatly for the absence of adequate healthcare facilities in the country. Though water is the most important thing that is required for sustenance, but most of the diseases in Nepal are water-borne. Clean and pure drinking water is not available to all the people, thus hampering the health conditions in Nepal.
The poor health conditions in Nepal are evident from the infant mortality rate and short life expectancy of the people. There are many communicable diseases that have made Nepal their permanent home. Various vaccinations are provided to the tourists to protect them from the diseases in Nepal. Healthcare facilities in the country are very poor and people mainly depend on quacks and untrained physicians. This gradually has led to the deterioration of the health in Nepal.
Most of the hospitals in Nepal are located in the urban areas. There are many health centers and health posts in the country, which cater to the rural people in Nepal.
Apart from these problems , the Nepalese people are living in hardship due to various other problems . The life standard of most of the nepalese people is miserable . Although the International society and the Goverment of Nepal are trying to do the people some good , the relif programme falls short of target . Many Nepalese people are craving for our help and let us reflect our humanity by doing what we can , Let Us HELP .
Population Growth
Population Growth
The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country is the Population Growth Rate. The rate may be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals, housing, roads), resources (e.g., food, water, electricity), and jobs. Rapid population growth can be seen as threatening by neighboring countries.
At the time of the 1981 census, the total population of Nepal was 15,022,839, the average family was made up of 5.8 persons, and life expectancy at birth was close to fifty years. As of July 1990, the population was estimated at 19,145,800 persons. The annual population growth rate increased from less than 2 percent during the 1950s to more than 2.6 percent in 1990, suggesting that despite a trend toward increasing acceptance of family planning, the program did not have much influence on reducing the population growth rate. The Central Bureau of Statistics forecast that the total population would increase to 23.6 million by 2001 .
Nepal Population in the year 2002 census was 23,151,423. In the year 2005 until the month of July, according to the estimate of the census, the Nepal Population was 27,676,547.
The growth rate of the population of Nepal as in the year 2005 was recorded to be 2 percent. In Nepal 39 percent of the population are up to 14 years old. 57.3 percent of the total population of Nepal is between the age of 15 and 64. Only 3.7 percent of Nepal Population is aged above 65.
The estimate of the population of Nepal according to the July 2007 census was 28,901,790. The total median age of Nepal is 20.5 years. The Male Median age in Nepal is 20.3 years and the Female Median Age is 20.6 years. According to the estimate given in the census of 2007 the population growth rate of Nepal is 2.132 percent.
The birth rate in Nepal is recorded to be 30.46 births/1,000 populations according to the estimate of the year 2007. The death rate in Nepal is 9.14 deaths/1,000 populations according to the estimate of the year 2007.
The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country is the Population Growth Rate. The rate may be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals, housing, roads), resources (e.g., food, water, electricity), and jobs. Rapid population growth can be seen as threatening by neighboring countries.
At the time of the 1981 census, the total population of Nepal was 15,022,839, the average family was made up of 5.8 persons, and life expectancy at birth was close to fifty years. As of July 1990, the population was estimated at 19,145,800 persons. The annual population growth rate increased from less than 2 percent during the 1950s to more than 2.6 percent in 1990, suggesting that despite a trend toward increasing acceptance of family planning, the program did not have much influence on reducing the population growth rate. The Central Bureau of Statistics forecast that the total population would increase to 23.6 million by 2001 .
Nepal Population in the year 2002 census was 23,151,423. In the year 2005 until the month of July, according to the estimate of the census, the Nepal Population was 27,676,547.
The growth rate of the population of Nepal as in the year 2005 was recorded to be 2 percent. In Nepal 39 percent of the population are up to 14 years old. 57.3 percent of the total population of Nepal is between the age of 15 and 64. Only 3.7 percent of Nepal Population is aged above 65.
The estimate of the population of Nepal according to the July 2007 census was 28,901,790. The total median age of Nepal is 20.5 years. The Male Median age in Nepal is 20.3 years and the Female Median Age is 20.6 years. According to the estimate given in the census of 2007 the population growth rate of Nepal is 2.132 percent.
The birth rate in Nepal is recorded to be 30.46 births/1,000 populations according to the estimate of the year 2007. The death rate in Nepal is 9.14 deaths/1,000 populations according to the estimate of the year 2007.
Brain Drain
Brain Drain
Human capital flight, more commonly referred to as "brain drain", is the large-scale emigration of individuals with technical skills or knowledge. The reasons usually include two aspects which respectively come from countries and individuals. In terms of countries, the reasons may be social environment (in source countries: lack of opportunities, political instability, economic depression, health risks; in host countries: rich opportunities, comparatively good political system, developed economy, better living conditions). In terms of individual reasons, there are family influence (overseas relatives, and personal preference (preference for exploring, ambition for an improved career. Although the term originally referred to technology workers leaving a nation, the meaning has broadened into: "the departure of educated or professional people from one country, economic sector, or field for another, usually for better pay or living conditions".
Human capital flight, more commonly referred to as "brain drain", is the large-scale emigration of individuals with technical skills or knowledge. The reasons usually include two aspects which respectively come from countries and individuals. In terms of countries, the reasons may be social environment (in source countries: lack of opportunities, political instability, economic depression, health risks; in host countries: rich opportunities, comparatively good political system, developed economy, better living conditions). In terms of individual reasons, there are family influence (overseas relatives, and personal preference (preference for exploring, ambition for an improved career. Although the term originally referred to technology workers leaving a nation, the meaning has broadened into: "the departure of educated or professional people from one country, economic sector, or field for another, usually for better pay or living conditions".There is no way currently to keep count of exactly how many Nepalis are studying abroad. The Ministry of Education estimates that up to 12,000 go abroad annually, excluding to India. About 40 students come to the ministry every day for recommendation letters for visas. According to the Institute of International Education, a US-based organisation that monitors international students, 4,861 Nepalis were studying in US universities and colleges in 2004-2005. International students deliver $13.3 billion to the US every year. Our estimates show that, India aside, Nepali students take out Rs 10 billion a year out of the country in hard currency to pay for their studies.
Every year 250,000 youth are reported to leave the country for various reasons. They seek opportunities in its various manifestation — higher living standards, employment, better income, education, a luring western lifestyle, stability and security. The list entails everything our country is incapable of providing to the youth for the obvious reasons. Hence, it comes as no surprise that 556 youth leave the country to go overseas in a given day. How many of them return to their homeland? The inflow number is almost negligible and the inflow and outflow ratio of youth in Nepal is very discouraging.
Many Nepalis living abroad would want to return to Nepal if there is political stability and economic development. The lack of political stability and the law and order situation are the main reasons. Brain Drain needs to be stopped if Nepal is to achieve its developmental goals .
Corruption
Corruption
Transparency International (TI)'s report of 2009 reports that corruption is getting worse in Nepal. The country is now placed at 143 out of 180 nations. Last year it was 138th.
The measurement is based mainly on transparency and impartiality of election system as The GPI reports New Zealand as the least corrupt with Somalia as the most corrupt.
In South Asia, Bhutan is reported as the least corrupt and Nepal as the most corrupt country.
Like many other countries, corruption has been a big problem in Nepal. It is the major obstacle to economic and political reforms, accountability, transparency and good governance. Corruption has trickled into both private and public sectors, and into almost all walks of life. The Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority (CIAA) is a supreme constitutional body for corruption control. It is the distinctive anti-corruption agency in South Asia. It has the role of an ombudsman, investigator and prosecutor. It carries out inquiries and investigations into corrupt and improper conduct committed by persons holding a public office. It has the authority to investigate all officials from the Prime Minister to low-ranking public servants. Based on the findings, the Commission may file a case against persons alleged to have committed corruption in the court of law. It derives its authority from the constitution. Any legislative measures to curb its power are subject to judicial review of the Supreme Court which can declare such law null and void.
Fighting corruption is difficult but not impossible. It requires a new order of incentive structures so that individuals change their behavior to think differently, show differently and act differently. There is a need for restructuring social order to establish a corruption free society in which public post holders recognize their accountability, fear the heavy costs they have to pay on conviction of corruption offences and get their rewards for being honest. People are to be educated so that with zero tolerance they can refuse to pay bribes. The proposed project finds long term solution to the corruption problem by formulating and implementing proactive plans and programs.
Transparency International (TI)'s report of 2009 reports that corruption is getting worse in Nepal. The country is now placed at 143 out of 180 nations. Last year it was 138th.
The measurement is based mainly on transparency and impartiality of election system as The GPI reports New Zealand as the least corrupt with Somalia as the most corrupt.
In South Asia, Bhutan is reported as the least corrupt and Nepal as the most corrupt country.
Three types of corruption are identified: grandcorruption, corruption of domestic origin in the recipient countries, and corruption that is internal todonor policies and practices. It is the domestic corruption that is most difficult to tackle because of itscharacter and linkages with the various societal processes including the political process. Governancereform is a good vehicle to approach this area, but the success will depend partly on the ability of thedonors to clean up internal corruption and, more importantly, upon the will and the commitment of thepolitical leadership in recipient countries.
Like many other countries, corruption has been a big problem in Nepal. It is the major obstacle to economic and political reforms, accountability, transparency and good governance. Corruption has trickled into both private and public sectors, and into almost all walks of life. The Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority (CIAA) is a supreme constitutional body for corruption control. It is the distinctive anti-corruption agency in South Asia. It has the role of an ombudsman, investigator and prosecutor. It carries out inquiries and investigations into corrupt and improper conduct committed by persons holding a public office. It has the authority to investigate all officials from the Prime Minister to low-ranking public servants. Based on the findings, the Commission may file a case against persons alleged to have committed corruption in the court of law. It derives its authority from the constitution. Any legislative measures to curb its power are subject to judicial review of the Supreme Court which can declare such law null and void.
Fighting corruption is difficult but not impossible. It requires a new order of incentive structures so that individuals change their behavior to think differently, show differently and act differently. There is a need for restructuring social order to establish a corruption free society in which public post holders recognize their accountability, fear the heavy costs they have to pay on conviction of corruption offences and get their rewards for being honest. People are to be educated so that with zero tolerance they can refuse to pay bribes. The proposed project finds long term solution to the corruption problem by formulating and implementing proactive plans and programs.
lliteracy
Iliteracy
A person who is able to read and write short and simple sentences related to daily life in his/her mother tongue or national language with understanding and who is able to communicate with others and perform simple tasks of calculation is a Literate person .
Nepal's literacy is 45.2%. Nepal is the world's 15th illiterate country. More than half the total population of Nepal can not read and write. Female literacy is less than the half of the literacy of males (Female - 28%, Male - 65%) .
Despite such examples of success, there are problems and challenges. Education management, quality, relevance, access are some of the critical issues of education in Nepal. Societal disparities based on gender, ethnicity, location, economic class, etc. are yet to be eliminated. Resource crunch has always been a problem in education. These problems have made the goal of education for all a challenge for the country.
A person who is able to read and write short and simple sentences related to daily life in his/her mother tongue or national language with understanding and who is able to communicate with others and perform simple tasks of calculation is a Literate person .
Nepal's literacy is 45.2%. Nepal is the world's 15th illiterate country. More than half the total population of Nepal can not read and write. Female literacy is less than the half of the literacy of males (Female - 28%, Male - 65%) .
Nepal Literacy Facts
- There are 26277 government schools in Nepal with 6018806 students
- On average a school has about 230 students
- On average a school has about 5 teachers, a teacher has 50 students
- About 200,000 students are studying in 473 colleges in Nepal
Despite such examples of success, there are problems and challenges. Education management, quality, relevance, access are some of the critical issues of education in Nepal. Societal disparities based on gender, ethnicity, location, economic class, etc. are yet to be eliminated. Resource crunch has always been a problem in education. These problems have made the goal of education for all a challenge for the country.
Unemployment and Underemployment
Unemployment and Underemployment
According to the Statics Nepal has a staggering Unemployment rate of about 50 % . In a country where only 10% of the people live in towns or cities and where about 80% of the people are dependent on agriculture for a living , it is not so uncommon to find people jobeless. Even the qualified manpower of Nepal is either deprived of job or is forced to accept a job far below his / her acedamic qualifications. On average a working person earns about 10000 Rs a months which is just enough to sustain in the expensive attire . Due to this a major portion of the youths are forced to go abroad in search of good jobs or to earn money . Those who aim to get heigher education as well as earn go to countries like USA, UK , Australia , Canada , Denmark , Finland etc . Those with poor qualification go to gulf countries . In Nepal the situation is such that mere talency and qualification are not enough to get jobs . You have to be either top in the job or you need to have a relative or a person that backs you who is in heigher post . In other words Favouritism engulfs the workspace.
Due to the unemployment and insecurity in Nepal, all of the Nepalese youths want to get abroad. The applicant pool for 800 jobs in korea has reached 34,000, a ratio of 42.5:1, which is a very competitive figure and is an indication of the increasing frustration in Nepalese. Most of those applying are university students, another deterring fact that nobody expects anything from nepali education.
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